Aperiodic Crystals: From Modulated Phases to Quasicrystals: Structure and Properties (International Union of Crystallography Monographs on Crystal) (Paperback)
Until the 1970s all materials studied consisted of periodic arrays of unit cells, or were amorphous. A new class of solid state matter called aperiodic crystals has since been uncovered. It is a long range ordered structure, but without lattice periodicity. It is found in a wide range of materials: organic and anorganic compounds, minerals (including a substantial portion of the earths crust), and metallic alloys, under various pressures and temperatures. Because of the lack of periodicity, the usual techniques for the study of structure and physical properties no longer work, and new techniques have to be developed. This book deals with the characterisation of the structure, the structure determination and the study of the physical properties, especially dynamical and electronic properties of aperiodic crystals. The treatment is based on a description in a space with more dimensions than three, the so-called superspace. This allows us to generalise the standard crystallography and to look differently at the dynamics. The three main classes of aperiodic crystals, modulated phases, incommensurate composites and quasicrystals are treated from a unified point of view, which stresses similarities of the various systems. The book assumes as a prerequisite a knowledge of the fundamental techniques of crystallography and the theory of condensed matter, and covers the literature at the forefront of the field. Since the first edition of this book in 2007, the field of aperiodic crystals has developed considerably, with the discovery of new materials and new structures. Progress has been made in structure determination, in the interpretation and understanding of the structural characteristics and in the calculation of electrons and phonons. This new edition reflects these new developments, and it includes discussions of natural quasicrystals, incommensurate magnetic and multiferroic structures, photonic and mesoscopic quasicrystals. The second edition also includes a number of new exercises that give the reader an opportunityt to check their understanding of the material.
Ted Janssen, Formerly of the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Nijmegen, Gervais Chapuis, Professor Emeritus, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Marc de Boissieu, Director of Research at CNRS, CNRS and Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble Ted Janssen studied mathematics and physics at the University of Utrecht. He later moved to the University of Nijmegen and started a PhD with Prof. A. Janner. He graduated in 1968. He spent a year at the ETH in Zurich and returned to Nijmegen as an Associate Professor. He became a full professor at the University of Utrecht and in 1994, he moved again to Nijmegen where he spent the rest of his career. In the meantime, he was invited as guest Professor in Leuwen (B), Dijon (F), Lausanne (CH), Paris (F), Orsay (F), Nagoya (JP) and Sendai (JP). He oriented his research activities to the fields of group theory in physics, crystallography and properties of aperiodic crystals, friction theory and nonlinear dynamics. In 1998, he received the Amino Prize from the Swedish Academy of Science along with P.M. de Wolff and A. Janner. In 2014, along with A. Janner, he received the Ewald Prize attributed by the IUCr. Gervais Chapuis graduated in physical chemistry at the Swiss Federal School of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ) in 1971. He later obtained his PhD in crystallography at the same institution. He continued his research in the field of resonant scattering for three years with Prof. D. H. Templeton at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in California. He returned to Switzerland, to the University of Lausanne, in the Institute of Crystallography of the Physics Department. In 1991, he became full professor and in 2003 moved to the Swiss Federal School of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL). Professor Chapuis has published over 250 research papers on structures and properties of aperiodic crystals and is the author of several textbooks in the field of crystallography. He has also directed numerous PhD theses.As an active member of the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), he is editor and co-editor of different scientific journals and media, chair and member of different committees.